All this brings yet another question to my mind.......
Since the Jewish people - to this day - set a place at the Seder table for Elijah..... does this mean Elijah and the other prophet will show up on the scene at a Passover holiday?
Maybe? It would sure be wonderful. And perhaps by the Lord's grace it would happen on Passover because that would certainly be something that would help people accept a man claiming to be Elijah, showing up preaching God's Word, restoring the hearts of the generations to each other thru that ministry.
Looking at Malachi 4 which has this prophecy and note the time stamp for the prophecy in v 1. This was not completely fulfilled with John the Baptist in his time although he ministered in the spirit of Elijah, to restore the hearts of the parents to their children and vice versa as this Got Questions article points out
Why must Elijah return before the end times (Malachi 4:5-6)? | GotQuestions.org
The Got questions article sidesteps the timing of v 1 though, so I think yes John the Baptist did fulfill the prophecy as Jesus said he did, BUT Jewish prophecy comes with repetition. The prophetic fulfillment of the AC for example has a forerunner in Antiochus Epiphanes. There are near term fulfillments followed by complete fulfillments.
John the Baptist would have been the complete fulfillment if the Jews of that time had corporately as a nation embraced their Messiah, and the offer of the Kingdom at that time. And John did arrive before the day of the Lord which would be 2k years future to him. As Fruchtenbaum points out (OP top of thread)
But in God's foreknowledge they refused, and we were grafted in as wild olive branches onto the cultivated olive's roots. What was loss to them, is mercy to us. When that time clock starts ticking again, in the time of the Tribulation described by Malachi in v 1 here, then Elijah will come. And Got Questions has a really nice article on the Day of the Lord here
What is the “great and dreadful day of the Lord” (Malachi 4:5)? | GotQuestions.org
It all lines up with the Fruchtenbaum article in the OP listed at the top of the thread.
They just fail to explore the obvious connection between Elijah and the Day of the Lord. V 1 is a day that burns like a furnace removing the evildoers like stubble is burnt.
The survivors of the Tribulation in V 2 along with all those who revere the Lord will experience healing, and joy in the appearance of the Lord at the end.
V 3 explains those survivors will trample on the wicked, they will be ashes underfoot on the day when the Lord acts.
V 4 is a reminder of the law of Moses. Jesus doesn't do away with the Law, He fulfills it completely and in Him we are accounted righteous as we fulfill the Law in Him.
v 5 The Lord says He will send the prophet Elijah to the Jews, before that great and dreadful day of the Lord comes. Which suggests that Elijah arrives before the Tribulation fully starts. That may be a hint that Elijah is one of the 2 Witnesses but it isn't spelled out.
V 6 explains that because Elijah turns the hearts, God will not have to strike the land with total destruction. This would suggest that Elijah's ministry here is restoring family relationships, in such a way that the nation of Israel is able to please the Lord again. But I think it might be more than just a father and son at odds.
Think back to what the Bible says about the Jews. They are beloved "for the sake of the fathers". Romans 11:28
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob are those fathers. As are all their descendants who followed the Lord. But a generation came up that didn't follow God anymore, they clung to the traditions of the elders- the Pharisees who put their oral traditions above the very Word of God- their Bible. These are like the faithless or backsliding (different translations) children of Jeremiah 3:14-22 who rejected their Lord who fulfilled every prophecy of the Messiah down to the very precise timing of Daniel pointing at what we now call Palm Sunday.
Jeremiah's context speaks of the final Kingdom where they will return to God for the last time. The generation of faithless (the version I quote below calls them backsliding) children rejected their Messiah, and to this day follow Pharasaic teaching. There are always Jews who serve the Lord as Peter, Paul, James, and Jude did, but the time of the Tribulation is a time for the faithless children to return to their God.
There is coming a day when Elijah will turn the hearts of the fathers to the children but also the hearts of the children back to the fathers. If that is referring to the generation in Israel when the Tribulation starts- the restoration ministry of Elijah could be the waking up of an entire generation of Jews to their heritage, to the Word of God, to their Messiah.
And that would line up with the purpose of the Tribulation - the salvation of the Jewish nation- and the multiple times God promises that in that time the Jews would turn to Him. Paul in Romans 11 speaks of that day. I'll put that below Malachi 4 here
Malachi 4:1-6
1 “
Surely the day is coming; it will burn like a furnace. All the arrogant and every evildoer will be stubble, and the day that is coming will set them on fire,” says the Lord Almighty. “Not a root or a branch will be left to them.
2
But for you who revere my name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its rays. And you will go out and frolic like well-fed calves.
3 Then you will trample on the wicked; they will be ashes under the soles of your feet on the day when I act,” says the Lord Almighty.
4 “Remember the law of my servant Moses, the decrees and laws I gave him at Horeb for all Israel.
5 “See,
I will send the prophet Elijah to you before that great and dreadful day of the Lord comes.
6
He will turn the hearts of the parents to their children, and the hearts of the children to their parents; or else I will come and strike the land with total destruction.”
The point of Romans here is to point out the process- the hardening for a season, till the Rapture, when they will be restored to the Lord. It also points out that the Jews are beloved for the sake of "the fathers" which is why I want to tie that into Malachi to explain how Elijah might be restoring the fathers to the children and vice versa
Romans 11: 25-
25 I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited:
Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in,
26 and
in this way all Israel will be saved. As it is written:
“
The deliverer will come from Zion;
he will turn godlessness away from Jacob.
27 And this is my covenant with them
when I take away their sins.”
28 As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies for your sake;
but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs,
29
for God’s gifts and his call are irrevocable.
And Jeremiah next discusses the faithless or backsliding children- again the process of restoration thru repentance and dawning belief in God in the backdrop of the Tribulation period.
This passage in Jeremiah jumps around in time a bit- from the beginnings of Israel v 14&18 mostly out of Russia, Ukraine, Poland and Germany in the early Zionist movement. v 16&17 looks ahead to the Millennial rule, there is a back and forth between God and a repenting people turning back to Him. This is the whole process of redemption being worked out thru the Tribulation period.
Jeremiah 3:22-25
14 “
Return, O backsliding children,” says the Lord; “for I am married to you.
I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, and I will bring you to Zion.
15 And I will give you shepherds according to My heart, who will feed you with knowledge and understanding.
16 “
Then it shall come to pass, when you are multiplied and increased in the land in those days,” says the Lord, “that they will say no more, ‘The ark of the covenant of the Lord.’ It shall not come to mind, nor shall they remember it, nor shall they visit it, nor shall it be made anymore.
17 “At that time Jerusalem shall be called The Throne of the Lord, and all the nations shall be gathered to it, to the name of the Lord, to Jerusalem. No more shall they follow the dictates of their evil hearts.
18 “In those days
the house of Judah shall walk with the house of Israel, and they shall come together out of the land of the north to the land that I have given as an inheritance to your fathers.
19 “But I said:
‘How can I put you among the children
And give you a pleasant land,
A beautiful heritage of the hosts of nations?’
“And I said:
‘You shall call Me, “My Father,”
And not turn away from Me.’
20 Surely,
as a wife treacherously departs from her husband,
So have you dealt treacherously with Me,
O house of Israel,” says the Lord.
21 A voice was heard on the desolate heights,
Weeping and supplications of the children of Israel.
For they have perverted their way;
They have forgotten the Lord their God.
22 “Return, you backsliding children,
And I will heal your backslidings.”
“Indeed we do come to You,
For You are the Lord our God.
23 Truly, in vain
is salvation hoped for from the hills,
And from the multitude of mountains;
Truly, in the Lord our God
Is the salvation of Israel.
24 For shame has devoured
The labor of our fathers from our youth—
Their flocks and their herds,
Their sons and their daughters.
25 We lie down in our shame,
And our reproach covers us.
For we have sinned against the Lord our God,
We and our fathers,
From our youth even to this day,
And have not obeyed the voice of the Lord our God.”