Those reduced reciprocal tariffs should be enough to bring lots of manufacturing back to the states... but that will take time.
That's the rub.
Building factories takes time. It means a HUGE commitment that the companies have to justify. Here's the problem. A factory can take up to 7 years from plans to operation. The current presidential term limit on Trump is a little less than 4 years now.
He is doing this via executive order.
So these companies will have to gamble that rebuilding operations in the States will pay off for long enough under several different administrations.
Even if Trump manages to keep Vance on track (assuming Vance might win the next round or the round after that) there is no guarantee that Vance would follow the same path. Even Bush Sr didn't follow Reagan's example. In researching this, it WAS Reagan who started the whole Free Trade agreement thing with Canada and his philosophy was to let the market decide- this was ok till later presidents taxed the daylights out of corporations, encouraged crazy union demands and put in place further worse EPA restrictions.
This administration is assuming that domestic demand will be enough to justify the higher wages they have to pay for American workers and unions. It may severely restrict the American export economy - because other currencies are being devalued right now - as a result of this so goods created in America are sold to others at US dollar prices- but become unaffordable to the Mexican, Canadian or even European consumer.
Domestic supply and demand worked in the 1800s but that was before higher tech stuff became part of our lives and we got used to imported foods. Canada got their Vit C for example from cabbages and potatoes, not Florida oranges. The US enjoys avocados from Mexico and olive oil from Europe and the Med. We drive cars, use cellphones and import and export various things. It's a complicated web of supply and demand that has taken a century and a half to build up since the last time the USA used tariffs not income taxes to raise revenue.
When the US decided to go with Tariffs again, it was under President Hoover in the dirty 30's and a lot of economists feel that made the depression worse in America than it needed to be. Presidents after Hoover avoided tariffs as a general principle fearing another depression. Will it cause that today? Maybe not- it's a gamble. Trump feels it's worth the risk. Which makes me wonder what he and Elon uncovered about the US national debt that made this gamble a necessity.
And then the higher taxes that they must pay, environmental fees etc. Trump alluded to that but provided no details about reducing environmental roadblocks set up by the EPA over the years. Or changing the tax structure that drove business away from the States.
This also assumes a work force ready to work in those factories. Jobs like that - semi skilled labour isn't just solved by taking a DOGE downsized person used to an office job and putting them in a factory creating toasters for example. What do the DOGE fired people do for 7 years while they wait for these new jobs to emerge? How do they live when the cheap goods and foods they've gotten used to are out of their budget now?
These tariffs also create a mountain of bureaucracy to administer the different rates for different countries that might change up or down, thus requiring more input by tax people to ensure it gets paid.
Bottom line, this is a tax paid by the American consumer that is a baseline 10% on most countries goods that US consumers buy at home, although some that seem to be enemies of the US get off lighter than friends and a lot of countries that are allies in time of war are paying more. The fairness of that can be debated elsewhere BUT the bottom line, the American consumer will pay more.
If it's any consolation so will everyone else around the world. The world economy as Britt Gillette says is a Ponzi scheme, and when enough parts fail the whole thing crashes.
This will encourage other countries to develop side deals- trade agreements that don't involve the US at all. This will result in lower demand around the world for US made goods while encouraging other countries to develop their own factories and export economies. Another risk that I think Trump DID factor in, but tried to mitigate by threatening further tariffs and retaliation for those countries who get together and set up trade agreements between each other to exclude America.
In the long run IF this gamble pays off (in about 7 years or so) this should be good for the domestic economy within the USA but the cost of living and standard of living will have changed completely as people will be paying a huge sales tax (that is after all what a tariff works out to- a sales tax, paid by the consumer) on imports, while domestic goods aren't taxed.
Except if the production of the domestic goods requires stuff from other places. And that is another problem in our interdependent world. I've alluded to potash which is essential for fertilizer. It's the K in NPK Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium or Potash. This one mineral is only found in 2 places across the globe. Canada and Belarus. So if an American producer of fertilizer to create grain, for bread, for animal feed etc wants to make fertilizer they will have to pay that import tax. Right now Canadian oil supplies 1/3 of your domestic consumption. That may be exempt but each essential product will be found as we go along, and it becomes a nightmare of exemptions, different tax rates on top of the base of 10%, that could change.
For the manufacturer of US goods on US soil, that becomes a burden they bear until this gets straightened out.
So it's a sales tax, that is a bit more complicated than a sales tax should be and it might backfire
But Trump and his advisors think it's worth the gamble
So either his advisors are smoking crack, (I'm joking, I don't think they are btw) OR
(and this is what I wonder about at the end of the day and actually think happened)-
OR Trump and his advisors found something so bad in the numbers that O'Biden left behind, that he realized HE HAD TO GAMBLE.