Paul goes on in 2 Corinthians 7: 8-11 to deal with the concept of Godly Sorrow- that sorrow that leads to repentance. Paul contrasts it with worldly sorrow that just brings death. The contrast shows that repentance is not part of that Worldly type of Sorrow. And Paul uses a slightly different word for sorrow that carries with it a grudging sense when combined as worldly sorrow. Lupe sorrow -grudging of the world Kosmos. Rather than the godly form of sorrow Lupeo in a godly manner Theos
I remember a sermon on that that touched me deeply. The preacher explained the term metanoia which is that godly sorrow that leads to true repentance. He said Paul is contrasting that type of repentance, a godly sorrow that results in a turning away from sin to the type of worldly sorrow that is just sorry for being caught. No real repentance, just an anger at those who accuse, those who hold accountable and a sorrow directed at self, not the victim of our sin.
8 Even if I caused you sorrow (lupeo) by my letter, I do not regret (metamellomai) it. Though I did regret it—I see that my letter hurt you, but only for a little while—
9 yet now I am happy, not because you were made sorry (lupeo), but because your sorrow (lupeo) led you to repentance(metanoia). For you became sorrowful (lupeo) as God intended and so were not harmed in any way by us.
10 Godly sorrow (theos lupeo) brings repentance (here is where Paul first uses that term metanoia) that leads to salvation and leaves no regret, but worldly sorrow (lupe, kosmos) brings death.
11 See what this godly sorrow (theos lupeo) has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what concern, what readiness to see justice done. At every point you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter.
In that passage he is dealing with the same issue- the man they allowed in church who was committing incest with his father's wife. Now the church has dealt with the sin, and Paul is explaining that their sorrow is godly, - it brought about repentance. He contrasts it with the worldly form of sorrow that doesn't actually repent.
metanoia Strongs 3341
met-an'-oy-ah
From G3340; (subjectively)
compunction (for guilt, including
reformation); by implication
reversal (of [another’s] decision): - repentance.
but Metanoia is Repentance.
Paul puts metanoia in the middle. A true turning away from something which comes from godly sorrow.
This is contrasted by worldly sorrow which doesn't involve repentance. So that preacher explained it as the kind of sorry for oneself that one was caught, not sorry enough to repent. Just sad that one is caught.
theos
theh'-os
Of uncertain affinity; a
deity, especially (with
G3588)
thesupreme
Divinity; figuratively a
magistrate; by Hebraism
very: - X exceeding, God, god [-ly, -ward].
lupeō
loo-peh'-o
From G3077; to
distress; reflexively or passively to
be sad: - cause grief, grieve, be in heaviness, (be) sorrow (-ful), be (make) sorry.
and
vs 10 has
lupē
loo'-pay
Apparently a primary word;
sadness: - grief, grievous, + grudgingly, heaviness, sorrow.
while
kosmos
kos'-mos
Probably from the base of G2865; orderly
arrangement, that is,
decoration; by implication the
world (in a wide or narrow sense, including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively [morally]): - adorning, world.
The use of Lupe with Kosmos for worldly sorrow instead of Lupeo with Theos that indicates godly sorrow further brings out a difference, slight but there.
And Paul uses this word here translated as regret in vs 8 both times
metamellomai
met-am-el'-lom-ahee
From G3326 and the middle of G3199; to
care afterwards, that is,
regret: - repent (self).